John Stuart Mill On Liberty Essays - Classical Liberalism

John Stuart Mill: On Liberty 1. What On Liberty is about On Liberty is "a kind of philosophical textbook of a single truth": "the importance, to man and society, of a large variety in types of character, and of giving full freedom to human nature to expand itself in innumerable and conflicting directions." (Autobiography) "The subject of this Essay is...the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual." (On Liberty) Themes of On Liberty: . Toleration . Diversity . Individuality . Democracy . Equality . Tyranny of the majority, especially social tyranny 2. The Harm Principle "The object of this essay is to assert one very simple principle, as entitled to govern absolutely the dealings of society with the individual in the way of compulsion and control, whether the means used be physical force in the form of legal penalties, or the moral coercion of public opinion. That principle is, that...the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others." "The only part of the conduct of any one, for which he is amenable to society, is that which concerns others. In the part which merely concerns himself, his independence is, of right, absolute. Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign." . Self-regarding actions - harm no-one (private sphere; the appropriate region of human liberty) . Other-regarding actions - harm others (public sphere; where society may intervene) The liberty maxim and the social authority maxim "The maxims are, first, that the individual is not accountable to society for his actions, in so far as these concern the interests of no person but himself. Advice, instruction, persuasion, and avoidance by other people if thought necessary by them for their own good, are the only measures by which society can justifiably express its dislike or disapprobation of his conduct. Secondly, that for such actions as are prejudicial to the interests of others, the individual is accountable, and may be subjected either to social or to legal punishment, if society is of opinion that the one or the other is requisite for its protection."

How to find out what you’re worth at work

How to find out what you’re worth at work Have you ever had the suspicion that you’re not being paid exactly what you’re worth? A lot of people have, but how can you know for sure? How can you assign a dollar amount to your value? Is it even possible? The short answer is â€Å"yes.† Here are a few tips for figuring out your magic number- or at least a figure close to what you should be making at your current position.Research using several sources.Googling is usually your first step in solving almost any conundrum, and answering the question of â€Å"How much am I worth?† is no different. Start by searching sites like Payscale.com, Salary.com, Glassdoor.com, or even the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On these sites you will probably find wide ranges in figures, so you’ll have to factor in where you might fit within those ranges. Where you fall on any given position’s salary range is going to be determined by a bunch of factors unique to you, such as your job experience and education. Th e more experienced you are, the more advanced certification you have, the more likely you will be to end up higher on the salary range.As you can probably tell, Googling probably won’t turn up a definitive answer to your question, but it is a good starting place to see if you’re in the ballpark of what you should be earning.Know that location matters.Your geographical location is another big factor when it comes to how much you should be earning. Check local salary statistics on the Bureau of Labor Statistics site to get a sense of the average pay for your area. The results will be very different in a small town as opposed to a big city. For example, according to Payscale.com, the average salary in New York, New York, is $69,115 while the average salary in Binghamton, New York, is only $44,275.Consider your resume.How many responsibilities do you have? Are you doing the work of two or three people? Is your workload equal to your assumed pay grade? Have you been rewarde d for any of your efforts or achieved anything or contributed anything noteworthy to your company? Answering these little questions will help you answer the big one. The more bullet pointed accomplishments you have, the better your case when asking for a raise toward the higher end of your earning spectrum.Talk to people.When appropriate, you can ask other people in your field how much they’re making. Don’t necessarily inquire directly, as direct salary talk is still considered an etiquette breach. But do consider asking for their advice or feedback on what a fair compensation package might be considering your personal details. Some people will probably be happy to help and even willing to share their own specific numbers.Ask recruiters.Recruiters are a great resource for concrete information on what similar positions pay. They can also provide valuable insight into how well particular companies pay compared to other companies in your field.Plan for the future.Don†™t get nearsighted about your current position or think only in terms of your current annual salary. Think about growth opportunities, the potential for your position to evolve, and the trajectory of your career once you’ve paid your dues at a lower level. If you’re at the lower end of earning for your career right now, just make sure you’re doing all you can to set yourself up for promotions into the upper levels. If you have a goal in mind, you can structure your career to reach it.

Rice; Food; Meal in Chinese

Rice; Food; Meal in Chinese é ¥ ­ (or é £ ¯Ã‚  in traditional Chinese) is pronounced fn in pinyin. This is the 618th most common character in Chinese and can mean rice, food or meal. The two latter meanings are the most common in modern Chinese. Character Breakdown é ¥ ­ / é £ ¯ is a semantic-phonetic compound, which means that one part describes its meaning and the other part describes its pronunciation. The character is composed of two parts:   é ¥ £/é £  (shà ­): food; to eatÃ¥   (fÇŽn): contrary; reverse é ¥ £/é £  (shà ­), which means food; to eat, is obviously related to the meaning of the word and is also the radical of this character. Ã¥   means contrary; reverse, and is not related to the meaning of the character. Instead, this character component carries information about how its pronounced. Since this character was created a long time ago, things have changed and the pronunciation is no longer identical. In fact, the tone is different. Still, if you know how to pronounce this component, remembering the pronunciation of the entire character becomes easier (and the other way around). Common Words Using Fn Coupled with another character,  Ã© ¥ ­ can take on a different meaning. Here are a few examples: Ã¥ Æ'é ¥ ­ (chÄ « fn): to eat (in general, not to eat rice)æâ€" ©Ã© ¥ ­ (zÇŽo fn): breakfastÃ¥ Ë†Ã© ¥ ­ ( wÇ” fn): lunch晚é ¥ ­ (wÇŽn fn): dinneré ¥ ­Ã© ¦â€  (fn guÇŽn): restaurantç ± ³Ã© ¥ ­ (m Ç  fn): riceè ¦ Ã© ¥ ­ (yo fn): to begé ¥ ­Ã¥ ºâ€" (fn din): hotel (typically one that has a restaurant inside) Sentence Examples Using  Fn QÇ ng gÄ›i wÇ’ yÄ «wÇŽn bifn.è ¯ ·Ã§ »â„¢Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ¢â€"ç™ ½Ã© ¥ ­Ã£â‚¬â€š(traditional Chinese)è «â€¹Ã§ µ ¦Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ¢â€"ç™ ½Ã© £ ¯ (simplified Chinese)Please give me a bowl of white rice.NÇ  kÄ›yÇ  mÇŽi yÄ « jÄ «n mÇ fn ma?ä ½  Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¨ ² ·Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦â€" ¤Ã§ ± ³Ã© £ ¯Ã¥â€"Žä ½  Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¤ ¹ °Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦â€" ¤Ã§ ± ³Ã© ¥ ­Ã¥ â€"Can you buy a pound of rice, please?WÇ’ à ¨ le! Qà ¹ chÄ «fn ba!我é ¤â€œÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥  §!我é ¥ ¿Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥ Æ'é ¥ ­Ã¥  §!Im hungry! Lets go eat!NÇ  mÄ  zuà ² de fn ti ho chÄ «leä ½  Ã¥ ª ½Ã¥ Å¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© £ ¯Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ Æ'ä ºâ€ Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¦Ë†Ã¥ Å¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© ¥ ­Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ Æ'ä ºâ€ Your moms cooking so so good.NÇ  xiÇŽng qà ¹ nÇŽ jiÄ  fnguÇŽn?ä ½  Ã¦Æ' ³Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¥ ® ¶Ã© £ ¯Ã© ¤ ¨Ã¤ ½  Ã¦Æ' ³Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¥ ® ¶Ã© ¥ ­Ã© ¦â€ Which restaurant do you want to go to?

Head-O produced by Fatih Akin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Head-O produced by Fatih Akin - Essay Example That night, in the streets all alone and with no one else to turn to, she decides she does not want to live anymore and baits some men to beat her up. She is stabbed by one of them and then they leave her all out there to die, but to her luck she does not die though it is not clear how she manages to recover from both the rape and assault. After serving his jail term, Cahit is out again. Determined to find Sibel again, he sets on for Istanbul where Sibel had gone to live with her cousin Selma. The cousin refuses to disclose to Cahit where Sibel lives but informs him of her being in a long-term relationship and her having a daughter. Cahit wants to talk to Sibel and is waiting in a hotel for a call from Sibel. When she finally calls, he tries to convince her to elope with him, something she finally agrees to. Unfortunately, she does not show up at the appointed date for reasons not disclosed. Eventually, Cahit beaten by life takes on a bus, probably headed to his place of Birth, Mersi n. Theme (main idea) The main theme brought forward by Head-On is the conflict of cultures between individuals of Turkish origin and their daily lives in Germany. Both characters are of Turkish origin but they live in Germany; Hamburg where the setting of the movie was made. Sibel’s family represents the conventional conservative Turkish culture. Sibel, having grown up within a liberal German culture yearns to break away from the yoke of her family restrictions. She is more open-minded and libel about her sexuality and that is why she can afford to engage in one-night stands. Cahit on the other hand is torn between both cultures. He has an element of both German and Turkish cultures and he is not yet decided completely which way... The main theme brought forward by Head-On is the conflict of cultures between individuals of Turkish origin and their daily lives in Germany. Both characters are of Turkish origin but they live in Germany; Hamburg where the setting of the movie was made. Sibel’s family represents the conventional conservative Turkish culture. Sibel, having grown up within a liberal German culture yearns to break away from the yoke of her family restrictions. She is more open-minded and libel about her sexuality and that is why she can afford to engage in one-night stands. Cahit on the other hand is torn between both cultures. He has an element of both German and Turkish cultures and he is not yet decided completely which way to go. This is the reason why he was reluctant to engage in a marriage of convenience in the first place and even after the marriage, he was in a relationship with a single partner, though on-again and off-again. This could also be the reason why he was enraged with Sibelà ¢â‚¬â„¢s previous partner and the eventual killing.The cities have also been carefully selected to effectively carry message home. Hamburg, the place where the movie is set, represents a multi-cultured population where people from various citizenry and cultures converge. The increased Turkish population could be traced to the 17th and 18th century the period during which there was an attempt to expand the Ottoman Empire to the North Balkan territories leaving a trail of Muslim Turks from the army.

The Supply Chain of the Video-entertainment Industry Essay

The Supply Chain of the Video-entertainment Industry - Essay Example With revolutionized digital technology, now movies and other shows can be watched on various devices including the traditional television set and even mobile phones. All of this has been made possible due to the fast speed of internet connection through optical fiber cables (â€Å"Fiber to Home†, n.pag.). Television subscribers like Comcast Corp. even offered live TV streaming on mobile phones although they were not able to provide as many shows (Nakashima, n.pag.). The concept of mobile television started even earlier in Japan (â€Å"Desperate Housewives on the Phone†, n.pag.). While the supply chain of the video-entertainment industry is not entirely digital, the development of online video services for television such as that by Intel (Ramachandran & Sharma, n.pag.) shows proves to be a threat for television subscribers as this development may provide faster digital delivery. What segment of the supply chain has the largest sunk costs? It could be said that the HDTV (high definition television) segment of the video-entertainment industry has incurred a great sunk cost due to the arrival of high internet speeds and mobile television in the recent years. The demand for video on-demand via Netflix, Hulu.com, and other providers is increasing slowly but steadily. Even Intel has arrived on the scene with an online television streaming service. The television pay services have ranked in the bottom having an American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) of 68 (Donner, n.pag.). Therefore, as internet connections keep getting faster due to gigabit-per-second connections (â€Å"Fiber to Home†, n.pag.), it is likely that demands for online television streaming may increase. Had the FTC not stepped in the IE-Netscape case, would have Window’s market power ?been challenged by Netscape? Why or why not? Indeed, Window’s market power would have been challenged by Netscape Communications of its monopolistic practices that promote a non-compet itive economic environment. The investigation done by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) allowed the legal workers of the Justice Department to find out evidence regarding Netscape’s claims of Windows trying to dominate the market by distributing its web browser Internet Explorer as part of the operating system (â€Å"Play nicely, or not at all†, n.pag.). The FTC intervened with a legal investigation that might allow other Windows competitors like Sun Microsystems and others to file antitrust lawsuits claiming that Windows has monopolized the market. It could also be that If you are AT&T, how do you become the most dominant player in the industry? Although television sets are popular among Americans, television pay subscribing companies like AT&T rank really low in the ACSI. In order to become a key player in the industry, AT&T should positively take up opportunities present in the external environment. Also, it should come up with new ideas that cater to the needs and demands of its consumers rather than ignoring them. It should focus on improving the quality of its services so as to retain its customers. Also, more options should be considered as the environment provides various opportunities to counter its competitors, mainly online video streaming companies like Netflix and Hulu.com, so as to build its market shares and have satisfied customers. If you are Hulu, how do you become the most dominant player in the industry? Hulu could improve its position in the market and be a dominant player by increasing its database of movies and shows to provide streaming of television programs so that its customers can have a similar show-watching experience as that provided by a traditional pay subscription. The

Operant Conditioning Paper Essay Example for Free

Operant Conditioning Paper Essay The theory of operant conditioning was thought of by B.F. Skinner. Skinner came up with this theory based on the work of Thorndike (1905). The theory of operant conditioning states that organisms learn to act or behave in a way which obtains or gets a reward yet avoids a punishment. It is an instrumental type of conditioning. Type R conditioning is also known as operant conditioning. Type R conditioning is shown by the response rate. Type S conditioning is determined by the amount of the conditioned response. Skinners R conditioning is similar to Thorndike’s instrumental conditioning, and Skinners S conditioning is very similar to Pavlov’s classical conditioning (Olson Hergenhahn, 2009). The focus in operant conditioning is on a behavior and the consequences surrounding that behavior. The organism must behave in a way to cause stimulus reinforcement. This is also known as contingent or dependent reinforcement because getting the reinforcement or reward is based on a particular behavior or performance by the organism. An example of this would be, if a dog wants a treat, he must do a new trick hew has been taught. Positive reinforcements are those which cause a behavior to be repeated. An example would be a child crying at night (when they should be sleeping) and knowing that when he or she cries someone will come. This may be a positive reinforcement for the young child or baby because the child is being comforted and getting attention like he or she wants whenever they cry. The positive reinforcement is the person coming. On the other hand it could be negative for the person getting awakened. They do not want to have to get up in the middle of the night. They may eventually just let the child self soothe. Then eventually the person, if he or she decided not to respond to the child would not come anymore. This would be a negative reinforcement for the child because they are not getting a reward or what he or she thought of as a reward any longer. If the child did learn to stop crying in middle of the night, then the person getting up would have the positive reinforcement of silence instead of noise in the middle of the night. I think the form of reinforcement that is most effective is the dependent or contingent reinforcement. I reward my children with doing things they like if they do well in their school since they are homeschooled. If they know ahead of time that they will get special stuff, be able to go somewhere, or do something they like, they are more likely to try harder on their school work and act better. I will try operant conditioning with our dogs. Training a dog with the reward system is a good way to start or stop a certain behavior. The dog will perform the behavior habitually for a long time, and if it ever has to have reinforcement, it is only once in a while. I will try this with my dogs when taking them outside every day for the next two weeks at least three times a day. I will let them go off leash, because we have a non-fenced in yard, and I am trying to get them to stay within their bounds without leaving our property area. I have decided that if I take treats outside with me for the three out of the five times a day they are taken out, and offer it to them when I call them as they start to go out of their area, while at the same time telling them no and calling their name, they will learn where their boundaries or parameter is in our yard. I will do it gradually less and less so the reinforcement, which is the treats, eventually does not have to be used. The behavior will just become natural to the dogs, and eventually they will know where they can and cannot go. References Olson, M.H. Hergenhahn, B.R. (2009). An introduction to theories of learning (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall

Do Not Follow Doctors Orders :: essays research papers

I remember when in class in Kindergarden our teacher had to tell us about our little classmate that would not be coming back to school anymore. She had died from a very bad virus and her parents did not take her to the doctor nor did they give her the medicine the doctor had prescribed to her so she got very sick and died. We later found out it was menengitis but at that time all we knew as that she died because her parents did not do what the doctor told them to do. I have always trusted my doctor and believed thats the reason the go to school for so many years, to be able to tell you, to recomend and prescribe the best medicinal treatment for what ever it is that ails you but, now our government, not doctors, not my doctors anyway, are not qualified to make any sort of medical decision what-so-ever, are telling me to dis obey my doctors recomendation or they will put me in jail, destroy my life, my familys life, cost the tax payers thousands if not hundreds of thousands of dollars and for what good reason? It is not reason enough that our government does not believe it is any good as a medicine, nor do they have any legal reason because they allow alcohol as a recreational drug, tobacco, the number one cause of lung cancer and it also kills hundreds of thousands of people with its second hand smoke, backed by scientific facts of coarse but what about the facts needed to prove that marijuana has no value as a medicinal plant? HOG WASH It is the number one cash crop and the government wants to figure out how they are going to have full controll over it, they just admitted it in an article. You do your own research and see if you can prove any of what I said here wrong. Ha Ha Ha! I know the facts and the facts are it is a very good and extremely valuable medicinal plant and as long as it is under government black ball, we are allowing our government to take away our freedom to a degree that has only been done once before and that was with alcohol. Watch and listen, I will be posting here daily as long as they allow me to. Oh yea, they won another one today!!!

Rectify The Problem Of Formal Communication Commerce Essay

The information shows that the Maruti has faced major work stoppage during the last 13 months and work stoppage is fundamentally because the job of communicating spread between the direction and workers. Till last decennary Maruti is did non confront any major work stoppage except in the twelvemonth 2000. In 2000 the work stoppage tally for around 90 yearss and in past 13 months Maruti has five major work stoppage. The last work stoppage in the maruti lasted for 13 yearss and this work stoppage lead to heavy loss. The chief job is the labour force being divided into lasting workers which constitute about 60 % of the work force and remainder being the contract workers. Around 2000-3000 are the workers who are working in Maruti on a individual twenty-four hours and more than thousand are contract workers. Contract workers are paid less than the lasting workers which was the chief concern. The other major job that Maruti faced was the Communication Barriers between the labor and the direction of the company. It was seen from the statements and the actions of the direction that a communicating barrier was included in both the downward and the upward communicating channels of the company. The major observation of the information is presence of pipeline in the organisation, another job is the closed door policy deficiency of formal communicating.TO RECTIFY THE PROBLEM OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT AND WORKERS IN MARUTI SUZUKIBASED ON A STUDY OF 2011 AND 2012Introduction1.1 Problem StatementTo rectify the job of the formal communicating between the direction and workers in Maruti Suzuki.Factors of the job statementInternal Communication External Communication Upward Communication Downward Communication Grapevine1.3 Framing a HypothesisAre there any barriers which company facing and what they are making to better it. Strikes is the major job or non. How is relationship between the subsidiaries and supervisors.Company PROFILESuzuki Motor Corporation is situated in Japan and it is the Keeping Company of Maruti Suzuki India Limited with the portion ownership of more than 54 % . Earlier Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. was known as Maruti Udyog Limited. Maruti have occupied a big market portion and is the leader of the Indian auto market for over 20 old ages. It has piecing semens fabricating units at Manesar and Gurgaon which have the production capacity of over 1.5 million vehicles yearly. Maruti has about 15 trade names dwelling of more than 150 theoretical accounts. It has a big assortment of autos which includes Swift, Ritz, DZire, Ertiga, The Classic Maruti 800, Alto, Baleno and many others. Maruti Suzuki is a strong truster of eco-friendly vehicles and therefore in an environment friendly inaugural, it introduced in India for the first clip mill fitted CNG option in its 5 Models in August 2010. It is the lone company in India to bring forth over 10 million vehicles since the axial rotation out of its first vehicle on 14thDecember, 1983. Harmonizing to the records ( 31st March, 2012 ) the company employed more than 9000 people. It has besides been given the top place for 12 consecutive old ages in client satisfaction harmonizing to JD Power Survey. Maruti Suzuki besides exports autos to several states in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Africa and Oceania. ( Maruti Suzuki, n.d ) .ATheA Manesar Production Plant of Maruti Suzuki has the country of more than 600 estates and was inaugurated in February 2007. The initial production capacity of this works was of 100,000 vehicles yearly which increased to 300,000 vehicles yearly in October 2008 and eventually the present capacity is 550,000 vehicles yearly. Models produced inA the Manesar works areA Ritz, SX4, Swift, DZire and A-Star.THE HISTORY OF STRIKES IN MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD.Maruti Suzuki has comparatively enjoyed good relationships with the labour force and the brotherhoods. Though the company has faced labour work stoppages thrice in the 10 twelvemonth period from 199 1-2001 chiefly because of demand for more rewards. But in the last 13 months Maruti Suzuki has faced five work stoppages and closure of its production installations in Gurgaon and Manesar.3.1 STRIKES IN THE PERIOD1991-20122002-2012April 1995 Duration 3 Dayss Reason Wages Demand June 2011 Duration 13 Dayss Reason To Form A New Independent Union For Manesar Facility March 1998 Duration 2 Dayss Reason Local Issues Of Workers August 2011 Duration 33 Dayss Reason Workers Refusal To Sign â€Å" Good Behavior Chemical bond † October 2000 Duration 89 Days ( LONGEST Strike AT MARUTI ) Reason Wages Demand September 2011 Duration 2 Dayss Reason Support For The Manesar Striking Workers October 2011 Duration 14 Dayss Reason To Restore The Servicess Of 1100 Contract Workers July 2012 Duration 12 Dayss Reason Castist Remarks Between Management And Workers As It is clear from the above tabular array something has awfully gone incorrect between the direction and the labor in the Maruti ‘s Gurgaon and Manesar Production installation between June 2011 and August 2012. ( KK & A ; Chauhan,2011 ) .3.2 STORY BEHIND THE LAST THIRTEEN MONTHSThe last major work stoppage by the Maruti Workers took topographic point in October 2000 demanding hiking in rewards which resulted in a 3 month closure of Maruti ‘s production installation. For the following Decade Maruti enjoyed a healthy relationship between the direction and the labor. The job started towards the terminal of 2010 or early 2011 when demand for separate trade brotherhood for the Manesar production installation arose. The company persuaded the Manesar workers to be a portion of the present brotherhood. In may 2011 company announced the election for the labors brotherhood with a proposed new chapter for the Manesar workers to be held on July 18th. Though when the election took p laced the Manesar workers boycotted it. The agitation started and the Manesar workers struck work at 4:00 autopsy on 4th June. This agitation and subsequent work stoppage by the workers was called as â€Å" THE FIRST OCCUPATION † which lasted for 13 yearss from 4th June to 17th June. Workers accused that the company functionaries were coercing them to subscribe an affidavit saying that they were happy with the Gurgaon Union and do non desire a new Union for the Manesar production installation. ( The Economic Times,2011 ) . The company denied this and stated that some of the workers were taking the signatures of others for the intent of organizing a brotherhood during the work hours and the supervisors objected to this ensuing in suspension of 11 workers. On June 6th the workers organized a work stoppage as the 11 workers who were suspended included 4 Office Bearers of the proposed Union and this work stoppage went on boulder clay 16th June when the direction eventually revoked the suspension of the 11 workers. After the work stoppage was over Maruti went on a Damage Control Mode. To promote the workers to talk freely about their jobs the company brought in religious organisation Brahamkumari and external trainers to develop them. Management so accused that the 11 workers who were before suspended interfered with the company production procedure and defied all the regulations of the store floors and asked the workers to follow their orders alternatively of the supervisors. Although the workers denied these acquisitions but production of autos fell quickly from 1200 units per twenty-four hours to 700 per twenty-four hours and so farther to 400 units per twenty-four hours on the last 2 yearss of August. Out of the end product produced merely 95 % cleared the quality control cheque and the company accused that the workers were undermining the autos on intent. On August 29, the company locked the mill and demanded workers to subscribe a ‘good-conduct bond ‘ and suspended 18 trainees and 44 regular workers for undermining the production of the company. The workers said that the allegations made by the direction of the company about undermining and damaging the autos were false and were made to coerce the ‘good-conduct bond ‘ on them. The workers declined to subscribe the good-conduct bond and started a 2nd unit of ammunition of protest outside the mill Gatess which finally lasted for 33 yearss. During this period the company started to work on the dialogues with the workers and to supercharge the workers on work stoppage besides started production with 170 workers who signed the bonds and the remainder by hired contract labor. The production of the company at the starting of the 2nd work stoppage was merely 50 % of its capacity i.e. 600 autos per twenty-four hours but it bit by bit increased to 800 autos per twenty-f our hours. By the terminal of the 2nd half of the work stoppage the direction had the upper custodies in the dialogues and the workers were get downing to pall raising serious inquiries about the demand of such a drawn-out work stoppage. Finally when the dialogues were over on October 1st and the two sides reached a decision harmonizing to which the workers agreed subscribe the ‘good-conduct bond ‘ and in return the company reinstated 18 trainees and the 44 regular workers who were before dismissed were now put into suspension and internal probe was put on them. ( KK & A ; Chauhan,2011 ) . When the work started on October 3rd The Company, the direction allowed merely 170 contract workers to come in the Company ‘s Premisess and denied entry to 1200 workers who participated in the work stoppage. This and few other factors such as transportations of workers from one occupation to another and the suspension of coach service made the workers feel violated and exploited from the direction and gave manner to a 2nd work stoppage which was called â€Å" THE SECOND OCCUPATION † and it lasted for seven yearss from 7th October to 14th October. During this period the workers working for Maruti Suzuki in Manesar, Suzuki Powertrain, Suzuki Castings and Suzuki Motorcycles came in support of the impermanent workers working for the Parent Company Maruti Suzuki India limited company At this phase there are around 1500 workers inside and 1000 workers outside the mill gates protesting against the Company. The company suspended 10 workers and 5 trainees and evict another 100 from inside its works premises. The production during this period falls from 2800 units per twenty-four hours to 1000 units per twenty-four hours and later on 12th October falls to 600 units per twenty-four hours. On 13th October the company announced that it will close down the works as does non hold trim parts to bring forth the autos because of the 5 twenty-four hours long work stoppage at Suzuki Powertrain. This in turns leads to closing down of workss of the providers of Maruti Suzuki. At this point the Police enters the works with the strength of 1500-2500 bulls and Late that dark the workers leave the mill and go on their work stoppage outside the mill. On October 15th the workers from Maruti Powertrain and Suzuki Motorcycles besides end their business and go on their work stoppage outside the mill. The work stoppage continues till 21st October until the direction reinstated 64 lasting workers but 33 workers remain suspended. They besides promise to engage 1200 contract workers and restart the Bus Service which got suspended on the 3rd October. The company besides set up a â€Å" grudge commission † and â€Å" labour public assistance commission † with equal representations from the direction and the workers. On 22nd October the production of autos in The Company ‘s Production Facility in Manesar sketchs. Though the affair between the direction and the labor seemed to hold been solved after the dialogues took topographic point on 21st October but hardly eight months after the long work stoppage resolved, the company is faced another agitation between the workers and the direction. This clip it is non because of pay hiking or brotherhood related job, but because of the discord between one worker and his supervisor. It all started on July 18 when a supervisor made a castiest comment against a lasting worker, who belonged to the agenda caste class and when he opposed, the worker was slapped and physically assaulted and was eventually suspended. On the other manus the direction claimed that the worker had beaten the supervisor and the brotherhood prevented the direction from taking any disciplinary action and that they alternatively prevented the executives from go forthing the mill and held them surety. ( Sharma, 2012 ) . After this incident there were violent battles between the workers and the direction which resulted in the decease of the General Manager, Human Resources Mr. Avnish Kumar Dev and hurt of about 100 executives including directors and foreign subjects and damaged the belongings of the company puting fire in assorted parts of the works turning a basic act of stupidity into a public violence. On 21st July after Three yearss of force and work stoppage by the workers the direction declared an indefinite lockout in the works. Till now Police has arrested 114 workers including 10 office carriers of The Maruti Suzuki Workers Union, including its president Ram Meher and Its General Secretary Sarabjit Singh. The Haryana Government has announced the formation of a Particular Investigating Team ( SIT ) to examine into the affair headed by The Assistant Commissioner Of Police Mr. Ravinder Tomar. ( ZEEBIZ,2012 ) . The operations at The Maruti Manesar Plant resumed on 21st August 2012, after a month of lockout. The works opened amidst heavy security, 1200-1500 police officers were deployed for the security of the production installation among which 540 were from India Reserve Battalion ( IRB ) . Maruti itself has taken the security of the direction and labor and formed its ain Special Force of 100 forces which includes veterans. On the opening twenty-four hours of the works the production capacity dropped from 1500-1700 units per twenty-four hours to 150 units per twenty-four hours as merely 300 permanent resumed work in a individual displacement even though there were 3300 employees prior to the public violences among which 1528 were lasting. The company besides decided to end the services of all the workers allegedly involved in force and public violences which includes 500 permanent and 500 contract workers. This incident costed Maruti about 10 crores in works and belongings harm and over 1400 crores in loss of production. There are some guesss that even though this incident looked like unplanned but the workers at the works were be aftering to assail the supervisor for about a hebdomad and have been stacking up rods and sticks, the caste slur was merely the trigger. Though the constabulary denied any such guess. ( Hindustan Times,2012 ) Even with all the agitations between the labor and the direction the company has still non lost it ‘s hope in the Manesar Production Facility and The Chairman Mr.R.C.Bhargava, Managing Director & A ; Chairman Mr. Shinzo Nakanishi said that the production in the Manesar Facility will go on and really shortly will make its full production capacity of 5.5 lakhs units per twelvemonth. ( Hindustan Times,2012 ) .ANALYSING THE PROBLEMThe job at the Maruti Production Facility is non a individual job that can be defined but it is bunch of little issues which has resulted in such a violent and unethical mode which was Earth shattering both to the direction and to the people who are associated with Maruti. The biggest job of the bunch is the labour force being divided into lasting workers which constitute about 60 % of the work force and remainder being the contract workers. There are about 2000-3000 workers working in Maruti on any given normal twenty-four hours, out of which more than thousand are contract workers. Whereas a lasting worker in Maruti earns about 17000 rupees in a month a contract worker merely makes around 7000 rupees a month. Clear from the figures it creates a disparity in income. The construct of contract workers is non merely present in Maruti but it is the world of the whole car industry. The narrative of Maruti can be seen as a worker friendly association to a company which has started to work the workers. To get down with, after the lag of 2008 and 2009 was over in early 2010 Maruti experienced a high growing in demand, while the company someway expected the demand to lift but ne'er expected it to be every bit high as 30 % . What made the state of affairs worse was that Maruti did non put on enlargement during the lag and in the words of Mr. M.M. Singh, the caput of Manufacturing â€Å" † Losing market portion due to deficiency of capacity can turn out to be the decease knell for an car company, † A ( KK & A ; Chauhan,2011 ) . and as a consequence Maruti induced a series of steps to run into the demand and avoid â€Å" DEATH KNELL OF AN AUTO COMPANY † . These steps included frequent care of machinery, reprogramming and presenting better automatons and commanding the assembly line to squash out efficiency. The policy worked and there was addition of 40 % in the production capacity of the Manesar Plant. The production capacity increased from 2,50,000 units to 3,50,000 per twelvemonth. This besides saved the company about 1700 Crore rupees but it resulted in the workers paying the concluding monetary value. It was this policy that eventually resulted in an increased frictional relationship between the direction and the employees. Over the past nine old ages the net incomes of the company has increased by 2200 % ( 2001-02 to 2010-11 ) , the wage of the CEO has increased by 419 % in four old ages ( 2007-08 to 2010-11 ) and the production of the company increased 400 % by merely increasing the work force by 65 % and still the existent addition in the rewards of the workers merely rose by 5.5 % .But this is non the terminal of the narrative, the on the job conditions of the workers are besides tough. During an eight hr displacement a workers gets merely a 30 minute interruption for tiffin and a seven and a half minute interruption for tea. During the tea interruption one has to imbibe tea use the bathroom and caput back to the working station. If late even by a minute one can stop up losing half a twenty-four hours ‘s wage and an opprobrious chiding from the supervisor. This is merely non the job with Maruti Suzuki India Limited but with the car industry and needs rapid reforms. The Government needs to turn to this job of labour development and do rigorous labors Torahs and more significantly implement the same. The other major job that Maruti faced was the Communication Barriers between the labor or the work force and the direction of the company. It was apparent from the statements and the actions of the direction that a communicating barrier was present in both the downward and the upward communicating channels of the company. â€Å" Hum apna connect kahaan kho gaya? Kya gadbad Harkat-ul-Mujahidin? ( how did we lose the connect with our workers? what went incorrect? ) , † Singh said in his gap comments, in portion inquiry, portion self-contemplation. M.M. Singh is the company ‘s caput of fabrication and these were his exact words when he addressed a meeting of the company ‘s functional caput of sections. ( KK & A ; Chauhan,2011 ) . One of the major communicating barriers in Maruti is the presence of internal and external Grapevine. Grapevine is an informal manner of communicating which is largely present in the center and lower degrees of direction of a company. If used efficaciously grapevine can be used by the direction for the benefit of the company, but in bulk of the instances grapevine hinders the company. It is such a powerful tool of communicating as it spreads like wildfire through chitchats and creates rumours which may non be true. In instance of Maruti pipelines played a major function in making confusion between the direction and the labor. Most of these pipelines or rumours were spread by a fraction of the work force and members of the already bing trade brotherhoods like the All India Trade Union Congress ( AITUC ) and the Hind Mazdoor Sabha ( HMS ) for the exclusive ground of personal additions by people in influential places. The company was unable to command these rumours and as a consequence faced bigger jobs in happening the solution to the work stoppages. Other communicating barrier present in Maruti is the Organisational Barrier which includes a closed door policy by the direction. Harmonizing to the labor in Maruti the direction is non interested in the jobs and grudges faced by the workers but is merely interested in doing net incomes and achieving higher efficiency. This may look like a little barrier ab initio but in the long runs it hampers the organisation as it creates a rift between the involved parties. As in the instance of Maruti the direction may non hold considered the little jobs of the workers as really of import but with the transition of clip it created agitation in the workers which resulted in lockouts and work stoppages and finally one of the worst work stoppage state of affairs that Maruti has of all time faced in its history. The last major communicating barrier nowadays in Maruti is the deficiency of Formal Communication between the center and lower direction and the workers. In an organisation every bit large as Maruti formal communicating is of import non merely between the upper and in-between degrees of direction but besides between workers and lower degree of direction. In instance of Maruti formal communicating between the labors and the lower degree of direction such as the supervisors and floor supervisors is absent. Harmonizing to the workers supervisors abuse the workers on a regular footing and sometimes physically assail them. The company denies the allegations about the physical maltreatment but does non deny the fact that the workers are abused by the supervisors. 5.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Maruti has come a long manner in India from its constitution in 1981 2012, and in this brief period of clip has acquired the biggest market portion in the little and average auto section establishing some of the iconic autos in the Indian Auto Industry. But this journey has had its ain jobs and Maruti was able to get the better of them and go on frontward endeavoring new evidences of success in quality and client satisfaction. Even today the company was able to strike an apprehension between the direction and the workers but to wholly get the better of the labor jobs Maruti needs to take some rough stairss and do some strong reforms in its on the job manner.5.1CONCLUSION FROM THE QUESTIONNAIREFrom the questionnaire answered by the direction, labor, providers and the clients of the company it is apparent that there is a communicating job nowadays in the construction of the company specially between the lower degree of direction and the labors and with the clients. The bulk of the clie nts feel that the company should present new communicating channels and maintain the clients updated about the bringing of the merchandise to increase the client trueness. As of the direction, the company has still non present a new communicating channel, though the direction claims that there is no agitation nowadays in Manesar right now but some workers beg to differ on this point. Some other points of distinction between the workers and the direction was related to the manner direction is acting with the workers. While the workers say that it is still the same and no major alteration can be seen, the direction seem feel that it has changed well. Even the workers feel that the working conditions have improved but there is still a spread in communicating between the direction and the workers.5.2RECOMMENDATIONSuzuki Motor Corporation has established itself as a respectful company all over the universe and is it operates in India from its subordinate Maruti Suzuki India Limited. Suzu ki all over the universe boosts itself as an employee friendly company, but the on the job conditions in India is different and Suzuki has non adapted to these conditions absolutely. In the last three decennaries it has faced some serious labors related jobs and the bulk of the jobs started after 2000. Some of the car Industry companies that have pioneered the art of labour relationships in India are TATA Motors and TVS Motors. These two companies have ne'er faced any serious labor jobs. Tata Group of Industries as a whole group is considered one of the best employers in the state and maintains one of the best employee keeping record. On the Other manus TVS Group Of Industries has ne'er faced a serious labour job in more than a hundred old ages after it was foremost established in 1911. The first company of the group TVS and boies has had a work stoppage free record. TVS motors on the other manus faced a work stoppage in 1992 for a few yearss but these work stoppages were supposed to be organized by the external forces and did non make major jobs between the direction and the workers. The policy followed by the company on labor affairs consists of really little but well-organized points such as following an unfastened door policy, taking labour point of views in major determinations, handling workers like household and seting their involvement in front of the company ‘s involvement, honouring the confidences given to the workers etc. These may look little and inefficient things but they have worked as if by magic for TVS Motor Corporation. Maruti should follow the footfalls of these companies and follow these policies to avoid farther struggles between the labors and the direction to work in complete harmoniousness and peace to recognize non merely company ‘s ends but the persons ends of the members of the company and people associated with it. ( Madhavan,2011 )AppendixsThe replies here shows the bulk of the responses and non the single replies of any individual.6.1 Questionnaire6.1.a FOR MANAGEMENTIS THE LABOUR AGITATION STILL PRESENT IN THE MANESAR PLANT? NO IF YES, HEN IS IT SUCH A LEVEL THAT IT WORRIES THE MANAGEMENT AND THE TOP MANAGEMENT? NO IS THE POLICE FORCE STILL DEPLOYED IN THE MANESAR PLANT? YES HAS THIS AGITATION AFFECTED THE WORKING STYLE OF THE MANAGEMENT PERSONELL? YES HAS THIS RIOT MADE THE LABOUR AND THE UNION MORE DOMINANT THAN IT WAS BEFORE? Yes WAS THERE ANY TRUTH IN THE ALLEGATIONS MADE BY THE LOBOURS AND UNIONS? YES IF YES, THEN WAS THE PHYSICAL ABUSE IN ANY CASE JUSTIFIED? NO Make YOU Think THAT IN THE NEAR FUTURE, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND LABOUR WILL EVER REMAIN THE SAME AS IT WAS BEFORE? Yes ARE THE PROMISES MADE BY THE MANAGEMENT FULFILLED? YES HOW ARE THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE SENIOR HR MANAGER COMPENSATED AFTER HIS DEATH? Harmonizing to his work footings and monetarily HOW HAS THE RIOTS EFFECTED THE OVERALL IMAGE OF THE MARUTI BRAND? Affected A batch and working on the same ARE ANY STEPS TAKEN TO RE-BRAND THE MARUTI SUZUKI AS AN EMPLOYER? Yes IS THERE A NEW POST CREATED TO TACKLE THE LABOUR GRIEVENCES AFTER THIS RIOT? NO ARE THERE ANY STEPS BEEN TAKEN TO SOLVE THE LABOUR GRIEVENCES BEFORE IT TURNS INTO AN AGITATION? YES Be THE EMPLOYEES OF THE COMPANY GIVEN NEW DIRECTONS IN THE WAY TO INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER? YES IF YES, ARE THESE DIRECTIONS ONLY APPLICABLE IN THE MANESAR PLANT OR ON THE ORGANISATION AS A WHOLE? ORGANIZATION AS A WHOLE WAS THE MANAGEMENT SATISFIED WITH THE RESPONSE FROM THE ADMINISTRATION AND THE POLICE? Yes IF NO, WHAT ELSE WAS EXPECTED FROM THE ADMINISTRATION BY THE MANAGEMENT? ARE ANY STEPS TAKEN TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF THE EMPLOYEES OF THE COMPANY IN CASE SUCH AN INCIDENET HAPPENS AGAIN? YES IF YES, DO THESE PLAN INCLUDES THE SAFETY OF THE MANAGEMENT ONLY OR ALSO THE SAFETY OF THE INNOCENT LOWER LEVEL EMPLOYEES? BOTH Make YOU Think THAT THIS INCIDENT COULD HAVE BEEN AVOIDED? Yes HAS THIS RIOT EFFECTED THE FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY REGARDING ITS OPERATIONS IN INDIA? YES HAS THIS RIOT EFFECTED THE PLAN FOR THE UPCOMING PLANT IN GUJRAT? NO WHAT WAS THE LOSS TO THE COMPANY DUE TO THE RIOTS FINANCIALLY? NO Remarks HOW ARE THE INNOCENT EMPLOYEES OF THE COMPANY WHO HAVE SUFFERED DURING THE RIOTS BEING COMPENSATED? Yes IN WHAT PERIOD OF TIME WILL THE MANESAR PLANT BE FULLY NORMAL? One Financial Year WHAT IS IN STORE FOR THE MANESAR PLANT? IS THERE A NEW COMMUNICATION CHANNEL WHICH IS INTRODUCED AFTER THE RIOTS? NO6.1.b FOR EmployeeARE THE LOBOURS STILL ANGRY EVEN THOUGH THE STRIKE IS OVER? NO HAS THIS RIOT OR STRIKE AFFECTED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT AND THE LOBOURS? YES Make THE LABOURS HAVE A MORE DOMINANT POSITIONS NOW? NO Have THE RIOTS AND STRIKES MADE THE UNIONS MORE POWERFULL? NO WAS THE KILLING OF THE SENIOR HR MANAGER IN ANYWAY JUSTIFIED? NO DO YOU FEEL THAT THE RIOT WAS BASICALLY DUE TO A FRACTION OF THE LABOURS AND THE UNIONS OR WAS IT REALLY REQUIRED? NO HAS THE STRIKE BENEFITTED THE LABOURS IN ANYWAY? YES WERE THE PROMISES MADE BY THE MANAGEMENT FULFILLED? YES ARE THERE ANY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS DONE FOR THE SECUIRTY OF THE EMPLOYEES? YES HAS THE STRIKE AFFECTED THE WORKING STYLE OF THE MANAGEMENT? NO HAS THE STRIKE AFFECTED THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE MANAGEMENT TOWARDS THE EMLOYEES? NO WAS A New POST FOR LABOUR GRIEVENCES MADE? YES Make YOU Think THAT THE ADMINISTATION PLAYED ITS PART APPROPRIATELY IN HANDLING THE MANESAR RIOTS? NO WAS THERE ANY KIND OF POLICE BRUTALITY INVOLVED? NO WERE THE INNOCENT LABORS ASSAULTED BY THE POLICE AND ADMINISTRATION? NO Make YOU Think THAT THE COMPANY WAS CORRECT IN SACKING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THEIR LABOURS WHO WERE ASSOCIATED WITH COMPANY FOR A LONG TIME? NO DO YOU FEEL SAFE WHILE WORKING FOR MARUTI NOW? Yes WERE THE WORKING CONDITIONS BETTER BEFORE THE STRIKES OR AFTER THE STRIKES? AFTER WERE THE INNOCENT EMPLOYEES WHO SUFFERED DURING THE RIOTS COMPENSATED IN ANYWAY? NO IS THE LIFE INSIDE THE MANESAR PLANT GETTING BACK TO NORMAL? YES Make YOU Think THE LABOURS WHO ARE BEHIND BARS AND ARE PROSCECUTED DESERVED THAT FOR WHAT THEY DID? YES DO YOU FEEL BAD FOR WHAT HAS HAPPENED AND THE DEATH OF THE SENIOR HR MANAGER? Yes ARE THERE ANY COMMUNICATION DIFFERENCE OR PROBLEMS BETWEEN THE EMPLOYEES AND THE MANAGEMENT? Yes IF YES, WHAT ARE THEY? HOW DO YOU THINK THESE COMMUNICATIONS BRRIERS CAN BE OVERCOME?6.1.c FOR SuppliersHAS THE STRIKES AND THE RIOTS IN THE MARUTI ‘S MANESAR PLANT AFFECTED YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMPANY? Yes IS YOUR Assurance IN THE MARUTI COMPANY AS A EMPLOYER OR AS A BUSINESS CLIENT SHAKEN? NO AS A SUPPLIERS OF MATERIALS TO THE COMPANY ‘S MANESAR PLANT DO YOU Think THAT THE STRIKES BY THE LABOURS WAS THE CORRECT DECISION? YES HAVE YOU EVER FACED PROBLEMS OF EXPLOITATION BY THE COMPANY? No HAS THE MANAGEMENT EVER IN ANYWAY TROUBLED YOU WHEN IT CAME TO BUSINESS DEALINGS? NO DOES THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY EVER ACT UNPROFESSIONALY WITH YOU? NO Make YOU Think THAT THE MARUTI AS A BRAND IS EFFECTED AFTER THE RIOTS? YES IN THE SUPPLIERS MARKET HAS THE CREDIT RATING OF THE MARUTI COMPANY DECREASED AFTER THE RIOTS? YES IF YES, THEN HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU Think IT WILL TAKE FOR THE COMPANY TO ENJOY ITS OLD STATURE? Equally shortly as they recover everything as before HAS THE STRIKE EFFECTED THE SUPPLIER MARKET AS WELL? YES WERE THERE ANY FINANCIAL LOSSES TO THE SUPPLIERS AS WELL? YES IF YES, WERE THE SUPPLIERS COMPENSATED IN ANYWAY? NO ARE THE WORKING CONDITIONS WITH MARUTI THE SAME AS THEY WERE BEFORE THE STRIKE? YES ARE THERE ANY COMMUNICATION DIFFERENCES OR PROBLEMS BETWEEN YOU AND MARUTI? NO IF YES, WHAT ARE THEY? HOW DO YOU THINK CAN THESE COMMUNICATION BARRIERS BE OVERCOME?6.1.d FOR CustomerMake YOU Think THE Strike BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT AND THE LABOURS WAS JUSTIFIED? YES FROM ALL THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU, WHO DO YOU THINK WAS AT FAULT, THE LABBOUR OR THE MANAGEMENT? THE MANAGEMENT. HAS THIS RIOT EFFECTED YOUR PERCEPTION OF THE BRAND MARUTI AS WELL? YES IF YES, DO YOU Think IT WILL BE ABLE TO REGAIN ITS OLD POSITION? NO DID YOU BOOK A MARUTI PRODUCT BEFORE THE STRIKES? YES HAS THE STRIKE EFFECTED THE PRODUCT YOU ORDERED IN ANYWAY? YES IF YES, IS THE COMPANY COMPENSATING YOU IN AN ADEQAUATE MANNER? NO DO YOU GET PROPER UPDATES ABOUT THE DELIVERY OF YOUR PRODUCT? NO IS THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN YOU AND THE COMPANY PROPER? NO IF NOT, WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? THEY DO N'T Update THEIR CUSTOMER ABOUT THE PRODUCT DELIVERY WHAT DO YOU SUGGEST SHOULD BE DONE TO Get the better of IT? BETTER COMMUNICATION CHANNEL IS THE SITUATIUON BAD ENOUGH FOR YOU TO CANCEL YOUR ORDER AND GO FOR A DIFFERENT COMPANY? Yes

Straight Edge

straight edge parents wonder what's wrong with their children. people wonder what these kids have to hide†¦ there must be something wrong with them†¦ why? because they look more scary than other youths? no! because they are more violent than others? no! because they praise a weird, new kind of god? no! but what is the reason the reason simply is – they live the â€Å"straight edge†. but what is â€Å"straight edge† exactly? the basic â€Å"definition† was created in the early 1980s in a hardcore-punk song of the washington d. c. and â€Å"minor threat† whose singer ian mackaye wrote a song about living a life without drugs – the song which included the six legendary words â€Å"don't drink, don't smoke, don't fuck! † – it was a song called â€Å"straight edge† – a song that gave a name to a new movement amongst the youth of then and preserved its fascination and attitude up to the new millennium. to expla in the history of the term â€Å"straight edge† even a bit more precisely: the words became the meaning for after the drummer of minor threat saw the symbol of a straight edge on a poster and thought – only god knows why – it would be the perfect symbol for this new lifestyle. asically it was a thing about cleaning oneself. in the late 1970s and early 1980s there was a big frustration in the punk scene worldwide. it was pretty much all about sex and drugs and rock'n'roll – and whoever wanted to be a real punk got drunk or stoned every time there was an opportunity. the problem was that the political backgrounds of punk became more and more unimportant, and people didn't even have the power to be active anymore. the poison took their power. o some kids – especially in new york – rethought this whole punk-idea and decided for themselves not to participate in this organized chaos anymore – to resist against the peer pressure. to get clea n and save their power for the fight to reach their ideals. the important thing which gave those kids the platform and power to start out their mission around the world was the music. fast punk. it was the new kind of punk. today we call it old-school hardcore. bands like minor threat, ssd and the teen idols were only some of the first straight edge bands. thousands of others followed their way. he music was the basis – but what was the background behind this â€Å"don't drink, don't smoke, don't fuck! â€Å"? was it just a frustrated group of kids who wanted to get attention by living like askets? not at all†¦ the part about the drinking and smoking is easy to understand. it means: â€Å"concentrate your power on the important things in life† – but what about the sex? why should people not be allowed to make love according to this lifestyle? well, that's not quite what it was supposed to mean and still is: it is supposed to mean, that one shouldn't have promiscuous sex – sleeping around every time one gets the chance. o pretending of love just to get sex. the reason for that is to show respect to others. not to see them as things. this is probably one of the most discussed about points of this whole definition. during the years some things changed. political engagement became en vogue – which is just too logic because the movement actually was born as an idea to strengthen the political power of each individual. respect of life also implies animal rights. that's the reason for vegetarism and veganism being very wide spread in the scene. lot of the straight edge people are active in human and/or animal rights groups and support direct action. but then there is the bad side of the movement: in public straight edge is often regarded to be narrow-minded and egotistical. but – it is quite the opposite. the bad image occurred because some groups split off and gave the whole scene a really bad name: there was on the o ne hand a new important part for some groups: religion – which was completely against the basic idea and straight edge. to question norms and to find it's own way of living. specially the big religious scene in the mormon area salt lake city / new mexico caused a lot of negative publicity. people supposedly even got killed there out of twisted and misunderstood straight-edge reasons. the problem there is the big connection between religion and straight edge there. the whole lifestyle isn't against the norm there at all – mormons get raised there that way anyway – but the motives are completely different. so kids are much more likely to call themselves straight edge even though the basic idea is not going along with their backgrounds at all. nother huge negative movement out of the straight edge scene is shown by so-called â€Å"hardline†-straight edgers. mostly they are involved in the religion of islam (don't ask about the reasons – it is totally incomprehensibly! ) and fight against anything â€Å"impure† and â€Å"unnatural† like abortion – most of them are real hardline pro-lifers – or homosexuality. there were also tendencies amongst right-wing groups who tried to adapt straight edge for their means. but they all just didn't understand what straight edge is about†¦ but straight edge is about tolerance, respect and activism. nyone who gets in touch will discover, that the letter or sign â€Å"x† has an important meaning. it dates back to the 1980s in new york when – like it was and is common in the united states – on concerts and shows underage kids got marked with a big â€Å"x† on the back of their hands so that they wouldn't get alcohol to drink at the bar. older kids solidarized with them and marked their hands themselves – to show the don't even want to drink. today a lot of people use the â€Å"x† in their names – like xsidx for exampl e – wear it on shirts or as tattoos. lso the abbreviation sxe for straight edge is really popular and common. unfortunately a lot of kids see it as a cliquish and â€Å"cool† hing to be straight edge – but they won't stay like that. they will live on their lives just like a lot of their â€Å"never-been-straight-edge†-fellows. it is important to develop ones own definition and style of straight edge. one has to live it. then it is the right decision and the appropriate lifestyle. then it is the â€Å"true till death† lifestyle – in contrast to â€Å"true till college† which characterizes the stylish kids mentioned before. he music changed a lot too. there is still a bunch of old-school bands but especially during the 1990s there emerged many sxe-bands that played all different styles of hardcore like the heavy-metal like hardcore or the softer emo-core. it is impossible to still find names for the style of every band – the vari ety is just too big. important are still the hardcore shows were kids from all over meet, trade records, and just hang out. the scene is pretty much selfly-sufficient too. here's kids who publish (mostly still vinyl) records for young bands – others who have little mail orders and distributions to sell and trade tapes, records and cds, some kids organize shows for bands (even from overseas), and others who even buy vegan food you cannot get here abroad and sell it to the kids. all â€Å"do-it-yourself† (= diy). all anti-capitalist. straight edge is nothing suspicious. straight edge is personal choice. straight edge is the decision to find ones own norms. straight edge is support for weak and disadvantaged beings. straight edge is the attempt to make the world a better place!

Cold War Timeline

Cold War Timeline The Cold War was fought in the aftermath of World War Two, from the collapse of the wartime alliance between the Anglo-American led Allies and the USSR to the collapse of the USSR itself, with the most common dates for these identified as 1945 to 1991. Of course, like most historical events, the seeds from which the war grew were planted much earlier, and this timeline starts with the creation of the world’s first Soviet nation in 1917. Pre-World War Two 1917   October: Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. 1918-1920   Unsuccessful Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War. 1919   March 15: Lenin creates the Communist International (Comintern) to promote international revolution. 1922   December 30: Creation of the USSR. 1933   United States begins diplomatic relations with USSR for the first time. World War Two 1939   August 23: Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact (‘Non-Aggression Pact): Germany and Russia agree to divide Poland.   September: Germany and Russia invade Poland. 1940   June 15 – 16: USSR occupies Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania citing security concerns. 1941   June 22: Operation Barbarossa begins: the German invasion of Russia.   November: US begins lend-lease to USSR.   December 7: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor causing the US to enter the war.   December 15 – 18: Diplomatic mission to Russia reveals Stalin hopes to recover gains made in the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. 1942   December 12: Soviet-Czech alliance agreed; Czechs agree to co-operate with the USSR after the war. 1943   February 1: Siege of Stalingrad by Germany ends with Soviet victory.   April 27: USSR breaks off relations with Polish government-in-exile over arguments about the Katyn Massacre.   May 15: Comintern is closed to appease Soviet allies.   July: Battle of Kursk ends with Soviet victory, arguably the turning point of the war in Europe.   November 28 – December 1: Tehran Conference: Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill meet. 1944   June 6: D-Day: Allied forces land successfully in France, opening a second front which liberates Western Europe before Russia needs to.   July 21: Having ‘liberated’ east Poland, Russia sets up the Committee of National Liberation in Lublin to govern it.   August 1 – October 2: Warsaw Uprising; Polish rebels attempt to overthrow Nazi rule in Warsaw; Red Army sits back and allows it to be crushed to destroy the rebels.   August 23: Romania signs armistice with Russia following their invasion; a coalition government is formed.   September 9: Communist coup in Bulgaria.   October 9 - 18: Moscow Conference. Churchill and Stalin agree percentage ‘spheres of influence’ in Eastern Europe.   December 3: Conflict between British and pro-Communist Greek forces in Greece. 1945   January 1: USSR ‘recognises’ their communist puppet government in Poland as the provisional government; US and UK refuse to do so, preferring the exiles in London.   February 4-12: Yalta summit between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin; promises are given to support democratically elected governments.   April 21: Agreements signed between newly ‘liberated’ communist Eastern nations and USSR to work together.   May 8: Germany surrenders; end of World War Two in Europe. Late 1940s 1945   March: Communist-dominated coup in Romania.   July-August: Potsdam Conference between US, UK, and USSR.   July 5: US and UK recognize communist-dominated Polish government after it allows some members of the Government-in-exile to join.   August 6: The US drops the first atomic bomb, on Hiroshima. 1946   February 22: George Kennan sends the Long Telegram advocating Containment.   March 5: Churchill gives his Iron Curtain Speech.   April 21: Social Unity Party formed in Germany on Stalin’s orders. 1947   January 1: Anglo-American Bizone formed in Berlin, angers USSR.   March 12: Truman Doctrine announced.   June 5: Marshall Plan aid program Announced.   October 5: Cominform Founded to organize international communism.   December 15: London Foreign Ministers’ Conference breaks up without agreement. 1948   February 22: Communist Coup in Czechoslovakia.   March 17: Brussels Pact Signed between UK, France, Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg to organize a mutual defense.   June 7: Six Power Conference recommends a West German Constituent Assembly.   June 18: New currency introduced in the Western Zones of Germany.   June 24: Berlin Blockade Begins. 1949   January 25: Comecon, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, created to organize Eastern bloc economies.   April 4: North Atlantic Treaty signed: NATO formed.   May 12: Berlin Blockade lifted.   May 23: ‘Basic Law’ approved for Federal Republic of Germany (FRG): Bizone merges with French zone to form a new state.   May 30: People’s Congress approves German Democratic Republic Constitution in East Germany.   August 29: USSR detonates the first atomic bomb.   September 15: Adenauer becomes first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany.   October: The Communist People’s Republic of China proclaimed.   October 12: German Democratic Republic (GDR) formed in East Germany. 1950s 1950   April 7: NSC-68 finalized in the US: advocates a more active, military, policy of containment and causes a large increase in defense spending.   June 25: Korean War begins.   October 24: Pleven Plan approved by France: rearmed West German soldiers to be part of a European Defence Community (EDC). 1951   April 18: European Coal and Steel Community Treaty signed (The Schuman Plan). 1952   March 10: Stalin proposes a united, but neutral, Germany; rejected by the West.   May 27: European Defence Community (EDC) treaty signed by Western nations. 1953   March 5: Stalin dies.   June 16-18: Unrest in the GDR, suppressed by Soviet troops.   July: Korean War ends. 1954   August 31: France rejects the EDC. 1955   May 5: FRG becomes a sovereign state; joins NATO.   May 14: Eastern Communist nations sign the  Warsaw Pact, a military alliance.   May 15: State Treaty between forces occupying Austria: they withdraw and make it a neutral state.   September 20: GDR recognized as a sovereign state by USSR. FRG announces the  Hallstein Doctrine  in response. 1956   February 25: Khrushchev begins  De-Stalinization  by attacking Stalin in a speech at 20th Party Congress.   June: Unrest in Poland.   October 23 – November 4: Hungarian Uprising crushed. 1957   March 25: Treaty of Rome signed, creating the European Economic Community with the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. 1958   November 10: Start of Second Berlin crisis: Khrushchev calls for a peace treaty with the two German states to settle borders and for Western nations to leave Berlin.   November 27: The Berlin Ultimatum issued by Khrushchev: Russia gives West six months to solve Berlin situation and withdraw their troops or it will hand East Berlin over to East Germany. 1959   January: Communist government under Fidel Castro set up in Cuba. 1960s 1960   May 1: USSR shoots down US U-2 spy plane over Russian territory.   May 16-17: Paris Summit closes after Russia pulls out over U-2 affair. 1961   August 12/13:  Berlin Wall  built as east-west borders closed in Berlin and GDR. 1962   October – November: The Cuban Missile Crisis brings the world to the brink of nuclear war. 1963   August 5: Test Ban treaty between UK, USSR, and US limits nuclear testing. France and China reject it and develop their own weapons. 1964   October 15: Khrushchev removed from power. 1965   February 15: The US begins bombing of Vietnam; by 1966 400,000 US troops are in the country. 1968   August 21-27: Crushing of Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia.   July 1: Non-Proliferation Treaty signed by UK, USSR, and US: agree not to assist non-signatories in gaining nuclear weapons. This treaty is the first evidence of  dà ©tente-era cooperation  during the Cold War.     November:  Brezhnev Doctrine  Outlined. 1969   September 28: Brandt becomes Chancellor of FRG, continues the policy of  Ostpolitik  developed from his position as Foreign Minister. 1970s 1970   Start of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) between US and USSR.   August 12: USSR-FRG Moscow Treaty: both recognize each others territories and agree to only peaceful methods of border change.   December 7: Warsaw Treaty between FRG and Poland: both recognize each others territories, agree to only peaceful methods of border change and increased trade. 1971   September 3: Four Power Treaty on Berlin between US, UK, France and USSR over access from West Berlin to FRG and relation of West Berlin to FRG. 1972   May 1: SALT I treaty signed (Strategic Arms Limitations Talks).   December 21: Basic Treaty between FRG and GDR: FRG gives up Hallstein Doctrine, recognizes GDR as a sovereign state, both to have seats at UN. 1973   June: Prague Treaty between FRG and Czechoslovakia. 1974   July: SALT II negotiations begin. 1975   August 1: Helsinki Agreement/Accord/’Final Act’ signed between US, Canada and 33 European States including Russia: states the ‘inviolability’ of frontiers, gives principles for state peaceful interaction, co-operation in economics and science as well as humanitarian issues. 1976   Soviet SS-20 medium-range missiles stationed in Eastern Europe. 1979   June: SALT II treaty signed; never ratified by the US Senate.   December 27: Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. 1980s 1980   December 13: Martial law in Poland to crush the Solidarity movement. 1981   January 20: Ronald Reagan becomes US President. 1982   June: Start of START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks) in Geneva. 1983   Pershing and Cruise missiles placed in West Europe.   March 23: Announcement of the US ‘Strategic Defense Initiative’ or ‘Star Wars’. 1985   March 12: Gorbachev becomes the leader of USSR. 1986   October 2: USSR-USA summit at Reykjavik. 1987   December: USSR-US summit as Washington: US and USSR agree to remove medium-range missiles from Europe. 1988   February: Soviet troops begin to pull out of Afghanistan.   July 6: In a speech to the UN, Gorbachev repudiates the  Brezhnev Doctrine, encourages free elections and ends the Arms Race, in practice ending the Cold War; democracies emerge across Eastern Europe.   December 8: INF Treaty, includes removal of medium-range missiles from Europe. 1989   March: Multi-candidate elections in the USSR.   June: Elections in Poland.   September: Hungary allows GDR ‘holidaymakers’ through the border with West.   November 9: Berlin Wall falls. 1990s 1990   August 12: GDR announces a desire to merge with FRG.   September 12: Two Plus Four treaty signed by FRG, GDR. US, UK, Russia, and France cancels remaining rights of former occupying powers in FRG.   October 3: German Reunification. 1991   July 1: START Treaty signed by US and USSR reducing nuclear weapons.   December 26: USSR dissolved.

The Fundamentals of the Intertropical Convergence Zone

The Fundamentals of the Intertropical Convergence Zone Near the equator, from about 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south, the northeast trade winds and southeast trade winds converge in a low-pressure zone known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Solar heating in the region forces air to rise through convection which results in the accumulation of large thunderstorms  and plethora of  precipitation, spreading rain around the Equator year-round; as a result of this, combined with its  central location on the globe, the ITCZ is a key component of the global air and water circulation system. The location of the ITCZ changes throughout the year, and how  far from the equator it gets is largely determined by the land or ocean temperatures underneath these currents of air and moisture- otter oceans yield less volatile change while varying lands cause varying degrees in the ITCZs location. The Intertropical Convergence Zone has been called the doldrums by sailors due to the lack of horizontal air movement (the air rises with convection), and its also known as the Equatorial Convergence Zone or Intertropical Front. The ITCZ Doesn't Have a Dry Season Weather stations in the equatorial region record precipitation up to 200 days each year, making the equatorial and ITC zones the wettest on the planet. Additionally, the equatorial region lacks a dry season and is constantly hot and humid, resulting in large thunderstorms formed from the convectional flow of air and moisture. The precipitation in the ITCZ over land has whats known as a  diurnal cycle  where clouds form in the late morning and early afternoon hours and by the hottest time of the day at 3 or 4 p.m., convectional  thunderstorms form and precipitation begins, but over the ocean, these clouds typically form overnight to produce early morning rainstorms. These storms are generally brief, but they make flying quite difficult, especially over land where clouds can accumulate at altitudes up to 55,000 feet. Most commercial airlines avoid the ITCZ while traveling across continents for this reason, and while the ITCZ over the ocean is usually calmer during the day and night and only active in the morning, many boats have been lost at sea from a sudden storm there. The Location Changes Throughout the Year While the ITCZ remains near the equator for most of the year, can vary in as much as 40 to 45 degrees of latitude north or south of the equator based on the pattern of land and ocean beneath it. The ITCZ over land ventures farther north or south than the ITCZ over the oceans, this is due to the variations in land and water temperatures. The zone mostly stays close to the Equator over water. It varies throughout the year over land. In Africa in July and August, for instance, the ITCZ is located just south of the Sahel desert at about 20 degrees north of the Equator, but the ITCZ over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans is usually only 5 to 15 degrees North; meanwhile, over Asia, the ITCZ can go as far as 30 degrees North.

Holism as a nurse educator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holism as a nurse educator - Essay Example As a nurse educator, it is essential that students are given greater access to ideas mostly taught in the class, such as the process of caring, communicating, having professionalism, and other traits since these would be considered as the main core values when dealing with actual patients in various medical settings. Thus, if a nurse education is not able to give a kind of multi-perspective or holistic kind of teaching to students, they may not be able to learn the core values they will need in order to become successful and effective in their profession (Utley, 2011). In giving students a chance to learn the fundamentals of nursing through multiple perspectives, it is essential that the instructors themselves are able to handle this need by having the traits effective and holistic nurse educators have. For this purpose, the National League for Nursing (NLN) released a guide which lists the eight core competencies that are needed from nurse educators in assuring that they will have students which embody the traits of holism in their careers. These eight competencies are the following: 1. Facilitates learning (e.g. uses learning styles and strategies appropriate for students’ skills and abilities); 2. Facilitates learner development and socialization (e.g. encourages students to learn more and to be updated in new technologies and information); 3. Use assessment and evaluation strategies (e.g. guides students in making their goals, and provides them with prompt feedback on their progress); 4. Participate in curriculum design and evaluation o f project outcomes (e.g. uses assessment outcomes to check whether the curriculum can still be improved); 5. Function as change agent and leader (e.g. encourages students to become innovative); 6. Pursue continuous quality improvement in the nurse educator role (e.g. teacher shows a commitment for continuous learning); 7. Engage in scholarship (e.g. uses up-to-date methods to improve teaching